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951.
环境中主要持久性有机污染物检测技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
赵丽娟 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2013,(6):60-61,64
论述了持久性有机污染物的检测技术现状,包括环境标准、检测方法等,提出了我国在此领域存在的问题和发展方向。 相似文献
952.
对攀钢11个废水外排口8种主要污染物5年的监测结果进行统计,分析了攀钢外排废水的污染特征及其随排放口、年度、季节的变化规律,对其污染状况作了初步评价,对污染物质的环境影响进行简单预测并提出了相应的控制措施。 相似文献
953.
Anthropogenic activities are responsible for the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants that modify atmospheric composition. Such changes are, in turn, responsible for the degradation of air quality at the regional/local scale as well as for changes of climate. Air pollution and climate change are two intimately connected environmental issues. However, these two environmental challenges are still viewed as separate issues, which are dealt with by different science communities and within different policy frameworks. Indeed, many mitigation options offer the possibility to both improve air quality and mitigate climate change but, at the same time, mitigation options that may provide benefits to one aspect, are worsening the situation in the other. Therefore, coordinated actions taking into account the air quality-climate linkages are required. These actions need to be based on strong scientific grounds, as recognised by the European Commission that in the past few years has promoted consultation processes among the science community, the policy makers and the relevant stakeholders. Here, the main fields in which such coordinated actions are needed are examined from a policy perspective. 相似文献
954.
Miquel Porta Manuel Jariod Toms Lpez Jos Pumarega Elisa Puigdomnech Esther Marco Núria Malats Joan O. Grimalt Francisco X. Real for the PANKRAS II Study Group 《Environment international》2009,35(7):1080-1085
IntroductionWhen studying the effects of organochlorine compounds (OCs) on human health it is common to correct serum concentrations of OC by total lipids (TL). However, the relationship between serum OCs and serum TL is far from established in many diseases, including several cancers. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between serum OC and TL in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), and to explore several alternatives to perform the OC lipid correction.MethodsIncident cases of PDA were interviewed and had blood drawn soon around hospital admission (n = 144). Serum concentrations of OCs were analysed by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.ResultsMost patients with high TL had moderate or low concentrations of OCs. By contrast, the variability of OC values among patients with normal TL was large. Correlations were of a similar magnitude between OC and TL and between OC and total cholesterol; while these correlations were weak (all Spearman's ρ < 0.3 and R2 < 0.11), no OC were significantly correlated with triglycerides. Although all alternatives to the OC/TL linear ratio were statistically significant for at least one OC, their R2 was always below 10%.ConclusionsIn patients with severe diseases as PDA, linear correction of OC by TL as commonly performed in epidemiologic studies may be inappropriate. Results contribute to the scant literature on the rationale to correct serum concentrations of OC by lipids. They suggest that it is unwarranted to routinely correct OC by TL, offer ways to assess such need, and present alternatives as no TL correction, correction by total cholesterol only or use of different statistical models. 相似文献
955.
Katsoyiannis A Samara C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(5):284-292
Goal, Scope and Background Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) constitutes a parameter of organic pollution for waters and wastewaters, which is not so often
studied, and it is not yet regulated by directives. The term ‘DOC’ is used for the fraction of organics that pass through
a 0.45 μm pores’ size membrane. The type of wastewater plays an important role in the quality of DOC and it has been shown
that DOC may contain aquatic humic substances, hydrophobic bases, hydrophobic neutrals, hydrophilic acids, hydrophilic bases
and hydrophilic neutrals. The quality of the DOC is expected to affect its fate in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), since
a considerable fraction of DOC is not biodegradable, and it may be released in the aquatic environment together with the treated
effluent.
In the present study, the occurrence of DOC during the wastewater treatment process is investigated and its removal rates
during primary, secondary and overall treatment are being estimated. Furthermore, a correlation is being attempted between
DOC and the concentrations of selected Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Heavy Metals (HMs) in the dissolved phase
of wastewaters, to examine whether there are common sources for these pollution parameters in WWTPs. Also, DOC is being correlated
with the partition coefficients of the above-mentioned pollutants in wastewater, in order to examine the effect of ‘solubility
enhancement’ in WWTPs and to evaluate the result of this phenomenon in the efficiency of a WWTP to remove organic pollutants.
Methods For the purposes of this study, 24-h composite wastewater samples were collected from the influent (raw wastewater, RW), the
effluent of primary sedimentation tank (primary sedimentation effluent, PSE) and the effluent of secondary sedimentation tank
(secondary sedimentation effluent, SSE). Samples were analyzed for the presence of 26 POPs (7 PCBs and 19 organochlorine pesticides),
8 HMs and DOC.
Results and Discussion Mean concentrations of DOC in RW and PSE were at similar levels (∼ 70 mg l−1), suggesting that primary treatment has a minor effect on the DOC content of wastewater. DOC concentrations in SSE were significantly
lower (∼ 19 mg l−1) as a result of the degradation of organic compounds in the biological reactor. Calculated removals of DOC were 0.8% in the
primary treatment, 63% in the secondary treatment, and 69% in the overall treatment, exhibiting large differences from other
organic pollution parameters, such as BOD and COD. The overall DOC removal was found to be independent from the DOC concentration
in raw wastewater. Poor correlation was also observed between the DOC content and the concentrations of wastewater contaminants,
such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals (HMs), probably suggesting that their occurrence in WWTPs is
due to different sources. A good negative linear relationship was revealed between DOC concentrations and the logarithms of
the distribution coefficients (K
d) of various POPs and HMs between the solid and the liquid phases of wastewater. This relationship suggests that DOC facilitates
hydrophobic pollutants to remain in the dissolved phase thus causing lower removal percentages during the treatment process.
Conclusion DOC was measured at three stages of a municipal WWTP that receives mainly domestic wastewater and urban runoff. DOC concentrations
in untreated and primarily treated wastewater were almost equal, and only after the secondary sedimentation there was a decrease.
Concentrations and removal rates of DOC were in the same levels as in other WWTPs that receive municipal wastewater. The origin
of DOC was found to be different to the one of POPs and of HMs, as no correlation was observed between the concentrations
of DOC and the concentrations of these pollutants. On the contrary, DOC was found to have significant negative correlation
with the K
d of all pollutants examined, suggesting that it plays an important role in the partitioning of those pollutants between the
dissolved and the sorbed phase of wastewaters. This effect of DOC on partitioning can affect the ability of WWTPs to remove
toxic pollutants, and that way it facilitates the discharge of those chemicals in the aquatic ecosystems together with the
treated effluent.
Recommendation By the results of this work it is shown that the presence of DOC in wastewaters can significantly affect the partition of
hazardous pollutants between the dissolved and the sorbed phase. It is therefore of importance that this parameter is controlled
more in wastewaters, since it can cause a decrease in the efficiency of WWTPs to remove quantitatively persistent pollutants. 相似文献
956.
Pierce GJ Santos MB Murphy S Learmonth JA Zuur AF Rogan E Bustamante P Caurant F Lahaye V Ridoux V Zegers BN Mets A Addink M Smeenk C Jauniaux T Law RJ Dabin W López A Alonso Farré JM González AF Guerra A García-Hartmann M Reid RJ Moffat CF Lockyer C Boon JP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):401-415
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blubber of female common dolphins and harbour porpoises from the Atlantic coast of Europe were frequently above the threshold at which effects on reproduction could be expected, in 40% and 47% of cases respectively. This rose to 74% for porpoises from the southern North Sea. PCB concentrations were also high in southern North Sea fish. The average pregnancy rate recorded in porpoises (42%) in the study area was lower than in the western Atlantic but that in common dolphins (25%) was similar to that of the western Atlantic population. Porpoises that died from disease or parasitic infection had higher concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) than animals dying from other causes. Few of the common dolphins sampled had died from disease or parasitic infection. POP profiles in common dolphin blubber were related to individual feeding history while those in porpoises were more strongly related to condition. 相似文献
957.
Petr Kuku?ka Milan Sáňka Ivan Holoubek 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3255-3263
Good quality data apt for an assessment of temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDDs/Fs) in soils are difficult to obtain since there is a general lack of information on their residues in soils. Variability of soil profiles, non-homogeneity of samples, and often also inconsistency of applied sampling procedures further complicate this problem. To assess spatial and temporal trends of contamination, three soil sampling campaigns have been performed over the period of 12 years at the mountain forest sites in the Czech Republic. Relation between the air, needle and soil contaminations was addressed in addition to time-related variability of soil. It has been confirmed that soil is a good matrix for evaluation of spatial distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) but difficult for establishment of temporal trends. A slow rate of the soil-forming processes and their site-specificity was generally the major source of uncertainties. 相似文献
958.
国外关于稳定化/固化的有毒有害污染物的渗漏实验方法的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以水泥为基质的稳定化 /固化 (Stabilization/solidification)的方法在国外广泛用于无机、有机、有毒有害污染物的最终处置 ,已经有数十年的历史。论文较全面地介绍了拟合被这种稳定化 /固化过程处理过的污染物在自然界条件下短期和长期的污染物泄漏过程 ,即所谓短期、长期的渗漏行为的实验方法和数学模型 ,并总结了现有几种用来模拟短期或长期渗漏行为的渗漏实验方法和适用于这些实验方法的数学预测模型的应用条件。 相似文献
959.
我国水污染及饮用水源中有机污染物的危害 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
本文阐述了我国水污染环境的状况和危害,以及微污染饮用水源的水质特征和饮用水源中的有机污染物及其危害。 相似文献
960.
曲业兵 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2012,(4):66-67,73
简要介绍了辽宁省污染源动态管理地理信息系统,并依托该系统完成了基础环境数据与电子地图的关联编辑,用直观图片表征了辽宁省工业废气主要污染物区域排放情况。 相似文献